Fremont, CA: After the conceptual design stage in aircraft development, a careful focus shifts to the sizing and selection of essential components and systems, totaling around a million parts in a large aircraft. The phase involves collaborating with suppliers delivering vital structures, assemblies, and individual components. Each part is carefully considered to ensure optimal performance and safety, leading to the effective integration of the aircraft's various systems. The rigorous process is critical to moving from design to production, guaranteeing that all components meet the necessary specifications and standards for functionality and reliability.
Supplier Selection:
The task of identifying and choosing suppliers for various aircraft components and systems falls under the purview of technical and logistics teams. Key components such as engines and landing gear necessitate specialized suppliers, with engines alone typically constituting a third of the aircraft's total cost. The selection of engine suppliers is particularly critical, prompting early engagement with manufacturers to ascertain the feasibility of preliminary designs.
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For instance, the Boeing 777X engaged in discussions with GE9X engines before advancing past the conceptual stage. While some aircraft require specialized engines, others offer multiple engine options, underscoring the importance of tailored supplier selection.
Additionally, aircraft systems such as avionics, flight control, hydraulic, electrical, and deicing systems require specialized suppliers. The selection process extends to cabin and cargo equipment, encompassing passenger seats, luggage bins, galleys, lavatories, and cargo pallets.
Supplier Collaboration:
Suppliers are courted and introduced to the aircraft program during initial meetings, where they showcase their capabilities and services. Established manufacturers hold an advantage, leveraging existing relationships with suppliers across various aircraft types. Nonetheless, advancements in design may necessitate new capabilities and supplier partnerships.
Many manufacturers opt for modified versions of existing products and services to mitigate costs and risks associated with developing entirely new systems. For example, Boeing's selection of CFM International LEAP-1B engines for the 737 MAX, and Airbus's utilization of CFM LEAP-1A engines for the A320neo family, demonstrate this approach.
Contracts:
Supplier-manufacturer agreements are formalized through contracts outlining specific timelines, prices, and warranties. Decision-making regarding milestone payments and shipment logistics involves multiple stakeholders. Contract negotiations also address shipping and handling costs, alongside adherence to stringent supply chain and raw material manufacturing regulations mandated by aviation authorities.
The meticulous selection and collaboration with suppliers are paramount in ensuring the success of aircraft manufacturing endeavors. By forging strategic partnerships and adhering to contractual obligations, manufacturers can navigate the complex landscape of component sourcing and contribute to the seamless integration of critical systems in modern aircraft.
