Additive manufacturing has expanded design freedom in aerospace and defense engineering, yet that freedom often introduces a persistent manufacturing obstacle. Internal passages created by 3D printing often have rough surfaces that disrupt airflow or fluid flow within critical components. Rocket engines, propulsion assemblies and other performance-sensitive systems rely on carefully controlled internal geometry, and even small irregularities can reduce efficiency or compromise expected performance. Conventional machining and polishing techniques struggle to reach complex interior channels, leaving manufacturers searching for finishing methods that can address inaccessible geometries.
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